无字之法探源

采集狩猎族群的社会生活是复杂的，领地、互惠、核心家庭、复仇以及初步的权威，构成了他们法律生活的主要方面。在新石器时代，农业孕育了不动产和不动产法，互惠有了新的发展，出现了商品交换及规则，陶寺遗址的等级化墓葬和礼器，聚落之间的等级，聚族而葬，刑罚标志着宗法礼制已经出现。在前人研究的基础上，借助人类学资料和考古资料，通过探讨史前法律的产生与发展，期待将法律起源的研究往前推进一步。     

The expected and unexpected media effects on youth’s (mis)perceptions of peer norms: Chinese college students’ overestimation of peer smoking prevalence

Youth’s perceptions of peer norms have profound effects on their attitudes and behaviors. Unfortunately, their perceptions of peers tend to be biased. To investigate the role of media in the formation of misperceived peer norms, the current study tested and compared two media-effect mechanisms: the direct exemplar mechanism and the indirect influence of presumed influence (IPI) mechanism. The two mechanisms were tested in a sample (n = 1746) that is representative of college students in one large university in China, based on which the actual and perceived campus smoking rates were examined. The individual-level perceived peer smoking prevalence was then analyzed in comparison with the campus-level actual smoking prevalence. The results revealed serious overestimations of peer smoking prevalence. As predicted, pro-smoking media content significantly heightened smoking prevalence estimates through both exemplar and IPI mechanisms. In contrast, anti-smoking messages did not elicit any intended effect through the IPI mechanism, but showed a boomerang effect through the exemplar mechanism. These findings suggest that both pro- and anti-smoking media content may be responsible for inflated perceptions of peer smoking among youth.     

Improving outcomes for children in out‐of‐home care: the role of therapeutic foster care

How best to support children and young people in foster care remains a challenge for child welfare. There has been little Australian research on the outcomes for children and young people placed in therapeutic foster care (TFC). This article aims to address this knowledge gap, presenting the evaluation of a state‐wide model of TFC known as the Circle Program operating in Victoria, Australia. Data sources for the study were case assessment analysis; surveys of foster carers, program workers and other stakeholders in the sector; and both focus groups and individual interviews with foster care workers. The evaluation found that the Circle Program lessened the number of unplanned exits of children from foster placements compared with generalist foster care. Another important finding was that the Circle Program positively influenced foster carers' decisions to stay in the carer role. Key components perceived as contributing to outcomes of the Circle Program included enhanced training of foster carers, intensive carer support, specialist therapeutic support to the child and carer, therapeutic service to family members and a network of services to provide support to the child.     

“走廊”与“通道”:中国西南区域研究的人类学再构思

中国西南的人类学研究有着深厚的区域研究传统。改革开放之后,西南研究陆续出现了＂区域模式＂、＂族群模式＂和＂跨境模式＂三种研究范式。其中＂区域模式＂更贴近于社会历史现实,具有强烈的学科问题意识。至二十一世纪,基于历史上民族的源流考察与走势判断,兴起了诸如西南丝绸之路、茶马古道、滇黔驿道、进藏公路等＂通道＂研究。这种基于＂走廊＂学说和＂通道＂研究而展开的＂区域模式＂,将交互性和流动性作为研究之重点,来深入地阐释形塑西南中国社会人文特质的关系结构,将有利于中国人类学获得更符合中国历史文化经验的世界图式,也有助于具体研究者获得真正的文化自觉和认知主体性。人类学的中国西南研究只有基于＂区域性＂的大视野来展开,在一种关系格局中来寻找西南研究的问题意识,才能摆脱＂民族性＂的现代叙事,并对＂民族认同＂这样的问题有所超越,最终回归到当地的社会历史现实和人文形态特质来深化对中国西南的认识把握,从而在学理上展开一些更为深入的对话。     

社会观与人性论:涂尔干社会整合范式的前提预设

18、19世纪的法国社会呈现出一盘散沙的原子化状态,为此,保守主义与激进的马克思主义都主张对当前的资本主义制度及其意识形态进行根本性的批判与改革;与之相反,涂尔干从自己的社会观与人性论出发提出以理性化的世俗道德重建法国社会的道德体系。     

基层民主自治进程中乡村计划生育政策落实的困境及出路——基于基层治理中“不出事逻辑”的分析视角

本文对基层民主自治进程中乡村计划生育政策落实的困境及出路进行了探讨。基层民主自治是我国的一项基本政治制度,实行基层民主自治是发展中国特色社会主义民主政治的重要内容。但是在乡村推行基层民主自治的过程中,乡村计划生育政策的落实陷入一些困境,这些困境集中表现为计生政策与村民生育愿望、与村委会选举、与社会保障体系、与利益导向机制及与其它相关部门和政策的冲突与矛盾。鉴于此,本文相对应地提出了加强宣传教育、完善村民自治、健全社会保障体系、健全舆论导向机制以及加强政策的同向性与协调度等对策建议,以期推动计划生育政策在乡村进一步落实。     

2000—2010年广东省老年人口空间分布演变研究

根据2000年第五次人口普查数据、2010年第六次人口普查数据和相关社会经济统计数据,利用地理信息系统技术对广东省老年人口空间分布变化和特征进行分析,阐明导致该空间格局演变的主要原因,并据此提出完善养老服务的建议,主要包括：全面提高全省医疗卫生服务水平;经济落后的、老人比例较高的地区应完善公办老年公寓、托老所、老人活动中心等相关养老福利的落实;经济发达的、老人比例较低的地区除提供基本养老福利以外,还可以尝试新型老人居住模式,如旧社区适老性改造、商住—养老复合社区等。     

Differences in health-related quality of life among persons living with HIV/AIDS

We sought to identify differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among a sample of HIV positive individuals receiving case management services in northern Florida. Our study consisted of 97 individuals receiving HIV case management that included 56 males (57.7%) and 81 African Americans (83.5%) who were 47.05 years old (SD = 9.33). HRQoL was measured using the HIV/AIDS Targeted-Quality of Life scale (HAT-QOL). Results show significant group differences in HRQoL by race, income, tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, and CD4 cell count, despite only 43% of this sample being able to recall their most recent CD4 count. Translating these findings to inform practice, HIV care providers need to provide continuing education to patients about their disease status, knowledge, and treatment as it relates to self-care. Also, HIV care providers should be especially cognizant of the impact that tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use has on HRQoL for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) by working to assess social support, identify readiness for change, and make appropriate referrals for treatment.     

Jia’s The Chinese Version

Abstract

The Chinese Character Simplification Programme of 1955–1957 that remains a national standard by force of law in the People’s Republic of China, not only degraded the aesthetic properties of the Chinese written character, but also hindered literacy by means of a haphazard formal reduction of the number of strokes, and by eliminating two-thirds of characters from the lexicon of those allowed for publication. In The Chinese Version painting series by Jia (b.1979), the artist arranges Chinese characters according to formal rather than semantic criteria, in order to generate by means of their juxtaposition, abstract or figurative patterns. Each character may retain its individual meaning, but not its function as a sequential syntagm. This strategy invests the characters with a formal aspect to ‘return’ that which was mutilated by the Simplification Programme. As the Simplification Programme’s formal changes ended characters’ role as image-signs, the artist’s choice to present each work as a painting alludes to their lost image capacity while appearing to imitate the outward aspect of printed characters, thereby implicitly turning against itself the pretext of character simplification for the sake of efficiency.